He first joined the piano class of Antoine François Marmontel, and studied solfège with Albert Lavignac and, later, composition with Ernest Guiraud, harmony with Émile Durand, and organ with César Franck. ĭebussy's talents soon became evident, and in 1872, aged ten, he was admitted to the Conservatoire de Paris, where he remained a student for the next eleven years. Sivry's mother, Antoinette Mauté de Fleurville, gave piano lessons, and at his instigation the young Debussy became one of her pupils. His fellow Communard prisoners included his friend Charles de Sivry, a musician. Manuel Debussy remained in Paris and joined the forces of the Commune after its defeat by French government troops in 1871 he was sentenced to four years' imprisonment, of which he only served one year. During his stay in Cannes, the seven-year-old Debussy had his first piano lessons his aunt paid for him to study with an Italian musician, Jean Cerutti. In 1870, to escape the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, Debussy's pregnant mother took him and his sister Adèle to their paternal aunt's home in Cannes, where they remained until the following year. The shop was unsuccessful, and closed in 1864 the family moved to Paris, first living with Victorine's mother, in Clichy, and, from 1868, in their own apartment in the Rue Saint-Honoré. Debussy senior ran a china shop and his wife was a seamstress. He was the eldest of the five children of Manuel-Achille Debussy and his wife, Victorine, née Manoury. Life and career Rue au Pain, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, street of Debussy's birthplace Early life ĭebussy was born on 22 August 1862 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Seine-et-Oise, on the north-west fringes of Paris. Debussy died from cancer at his home in Paris at the age of 55 after a composing career of a little more than 30 years. His works have strongly influenced a wide range of composers including Béla Bartók, Olivier Messiaen, George Benjamin, and the jazz pianist and composer Bill Evans. With early influences including Russian and Far Eastern music and works by Chopin, Debussy developed his own style of harmony and orchestral colouring, derided – and unsuccessfully resisted – by much of the musical establishment of the day. In his final years, he focused on chamber music, completing three of six planned sonatas for different combinations of instruments. A small number of works, including the early La Damoiselle élue and the late Le Martyre de saint Sébastien have important parts for chorus. He was greatly influenced by the Symbolist poetic movement of the later 19th century. Throughout his career he wrote mélodies based on a wide variety of poetry, including his own. His piano works include sets of 24 Préludes and 12 Études. He regarded the classical symphony as obsolete and sought an alternative in his "symphonic sketches", La mer (1903–1905). His music was to a considerable extent a reaction against Wagner and the German musical tradition. He took many years to develop his mature style, and was nearly 40 when he achieved international fame in 1902 with the only opera he completed, Pelléas et Mélisande.ĭebussy's orchestral works include Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (1894), Nocturnes (1897–1899) and Images (1905–1912). He originally studied the piano, but found his vocation in innovative composition, despite the disapproval of the Conservatoire's conservative professors. He was among the most influential composers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.īorn to a family of modest means and little cultural involvement, Debussy showed enough musical talent to be admitted at the age of ten to France's leading music college, the Conservatoire de Paris. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. ( Achille) Claude Debussy ( French: 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer.
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